Americans — including millions who identify as Christians — hold strikingly conflicted beliefs about sin, salvation and the afterlife, according to a new report from George Barna.
The findings come from George Barna’s latest report, the American Worldview Inventory 2025. Barna is director of research for the Cultural Research Center at Arizona Christian University. The report specifically highlights “how deeply theological confusion has taken root when it comes to how we understand the core biblical truth about life after death.”
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What happens when Christians no longer understand salvation itself, Barna asked in his latest update.
“This new report uncovers sobering patterns in how Americans think about eternity and what determines their eternal destiny. The findings reveal deep inconsistencies between Americans’ stated beliefs and the biblical foundations of sin, repentance, and salvation.”
Key findings
Barna highlighted a few key findings in a recent news release:
— One-third of Americans who call themselves “born-again” believe good people can earn salvation; one-third also believe in reincarnation.
— Nearly half of Americans (48%) believe they will earn their way into Heaven by being generally good or doing enough good deeds.
— Only 39% of all adults—and just 52% of self-identified Christians—expect to spend eternity in the presence of God.
— A minority of Gen Z said embracing Jesus as Savior is “very important” for their soul’s eternal outcome.
Among those calling themselves Christian, Barna noted, views of the afterlife range widely: from residing in the presence of God (52%), to experiencing a period of purification (13%), to eternal peace without the presence of any divine being (12%).
‘Clear’ confusion
“As I analyze these results, it is clear that confusion about salvation stems from widespread misunderstanding of sin, repentance and the purpose of Christ’s sacrifice,” he said. “Many assume that simply acknowledging their sins or expressing sorrow is sufficient for repentance — without recognizing Scripture’s call for genuine transformation of both mind and behavior.”
Even in the church, Barna explained, “millions fail to grasp that eternal life is grounded solely in the atoning work of Jesus Christ. In their desire to feel spiritually secure, they assemble a personalized salvation strategy that mixes biblical truth with cultural ideas of self-improvement, spiritual harmony, and moral performance.”
“The bottom line? A majority of self-described Christians are hedging their eternal bets—integrating various means of salvation into their personal security plan,” he wrote.
Unfortunately, he added, the research reflects a larger pattern of biblical illiteracy — as Americans increasingly collect bits of religious information rather than living as biblically grounded disciples. And this trend has significant implications when we consider the spiritual health of the Church and our nation.
“When core doctrines are misunderstood, the results shape everything — from how people view their relationship with God to how they live out their faith in daily life,” he reported. “And as this latest report shows, it deeply affects our understanding of personal salvation and eternal life.”
EDITOR’S NOTE — The Baptist Paper edited this report that was originally released by George Barna and the Cultural Research Center at Arizona Christian University. Barna, who founded the original Barna Group and now serves as director of research at the CRC, has more than four decades of experience studying faith and culture. He is the author of more than 60 books, including “Raising Spiritual Champions: Nurturing Your Child’s Heart, Mind and Soul.”
